Drinking Water
Surface Water
Groundwater
Wastewater
Standard units (0-14)
NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
mg/L
μS/cm
mg/L
MPN/100mL
mg/L
mg/L
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L as CaCO₃
mg/L as CaCO₃
mg/L
mg/L
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Calculating water quality index...

Understanding Water Quality Index

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a single number that expresses overall water quality at a certain location and time based on several water quality parameters. The objective of a WQI is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and usable by the public.

Key Insight: A higher WQI value indicates better water quality. WQI values above 90 are considered excellent, while values below 50 indicate water that is severely polluted.

WQI Classification

1

Excellent (90-100): Water quality is protected with a virtual absence of threat or impairment; conditions very close to natural levels.

2

Good (70-89): Water quality is generally protected but occasionally threatened or impaired; conditions rarely depart from natural levels.

3

Fair (50-69): Water quality is frequently threatened or impaired; conditions often depart from natural levels.

4

Poor (25-49): Water quality is almost always threatened or impaired; conditions usually depart from natural levels.

5

Very Poor (0-24): Water quality is always threatened or impaired; conditions always depart from natural levels.

Key Water Quality Parameters

Parameter Ideal Range Significance Common Sources
pH 6.5-8.5 Measures acidity/alkalinity; affects chemical reactions and aquatic life Natural geological processes, industrial discharge
Dissolved Oxygen >6 mg/L Essential for aquatic life; indicates water's ability to support life Atmospheric diffusion, photosynthesis
Turbidity <5 NTU Measures water clarity; affects light penetration and habitat Soil erosion, algal blooms, wastewater
Total Coliform 0 MPN/100mL Indicator of fecal contamination and potential pathogens Human/animal waste, sewage contamination
Nitrate <10 mg/L Excess causes eutrophication; health risk at high levels Fertilizers, sewage, animal waste
Phosphate <0.1 mg/L Limiting nutrient for algal growth; causes eutrophication Detergents, fertilizers, sewage
BOD <3 mg/L Measures organic pollution; high values indicate contamination Organic waste, sewage, agricultural runoff
Heavy Metals Varies by metal Toxic to humans and aquatic life; bioaccumulate in food chain Industrial discharge, mining, corrosion

Water Quality Tips

Drinking Water Standards