Accurate gain (Av) and output voltage for inverting, non‑inverting, and differential op‑amp configurations. Includes adjustable supply rails, high‑gain & zero‑Rin warnings, and real‑time schematics.
An operational amplifier (op‑amp) is a DC‑coupled high‑gain electronic voltage amplifier. In closed‑loop configurations (with negative feedback), the gain becomes stable and predictable, determined primarily by external resistors. This calculator analyzes three fundamental topologies: Inverting, Non‑inverting, and Differential (balanced) amplifiers — each essential for analog signal conditioning in sensors, audio systems, and control loops.
Practical design notes: Very high gains ( > 1000 ) reduce bandwidth and increase noise. Always verify the op‑amp’s gain‑bandwidth product (GBW) and slew rate. The calculator includes a zero‑Rin warning because setting \( R_{in} = 0 \) in inverting/differential configurations forces zero gain and may cause real‑world instability.