Calculate rocket performance using the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation. Compute delta-v, fuel requirements, and mission parameters for space exploration.
Real rockets use multiple stages to improve performance. When a stage burns out, it's jettisoned, reducing the mass that subsequent stages need to accelerate. The total Δv is the sum of each stage's Δv.
Advantages of multi-stage rockets:
| Rocket | Stages | Stage 1 Δv | Stage 2 Δv | Stage 3 Δv | Total Δv |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturn V | 3 | 3,500 m/s | 4,500 m/s | 4,700 m/s | 12,700 m/s |
| Falcon 9 | 2 | 3,000 m/s | 6,400 m/s | - | 9,400 m/s |
| Soyuz | 3 | 3,200 m/s | 4,100 m/s | 2,100 m/s | 9,400 m/s |